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“Freedom of expression is the matrix, the indispensable condition, of nearly every other form of freedom.”—U.S. Supreme Court Justice Benjamin N.
Cardozo in Palko v. ConnecticutFreedom of speech, the press, association, assembly, and petition: This set of guarantees, protected by the First Amendment, comprises what we refer to as freedom of expression. It is the foundation of a vibrant democracy, and without it, other fundamental rights, like the right to vote, would wither away.The fight for freedom of speech has been a bedrock of the ACLU’s mission since the organization was founded in 1920, driven by the need to protect the constitutional rights of conscientious objectors and anti-war protesters. The organization’s work quickly spread to combating censorship, securing the right to assembly, and promoting free speech in schools.Almost a century later, these battles have taken on new forms, but they persist. The ACLU’s Speech, Privacy, and Technology Project continues to champion freedom of expression in its myriad forms — whether through protest, media, online speech, or the arts — in the face of new threats. For example, new avenues for censorship have arisen alongside the wealth of opportunities for speech afforded by the Internet. The threat of mass government surveillance chills the free expression of ordinary citizens, legislators routinely attempt to place new restrictions on online activity, and journalism is criminalized in the name of national security.
The ACLU is always on guard to ensure that the First Amendment’s protections remain robust — in times of war or peace, for bloggers or the institutional press, online or off.Over the years, the ACLU has frequently represented or defended individuals engaged in some truly offensive speech. We have defended the speech rights of communists, Nazis, Ku Klux Klan members, accused terrorists, pornographers, anti-LGBT activists, and flag burners.
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That’s because the defense of freedom of speech is most necessary when the message is one most people find repulsive. Laws protecting intellectual property—patents, copyrights, and trademarks—can both advance free speech and pose significant threats to civil liberties. The ability to keep books you write or pictures you take from being copied and sold without your permission, for instance, creates a financial incentive to write those books or take those pictures, fostering creativity and encouraging speech. By the same token, overly aggressive enforcement of copyright laws—the right to copy material—literally blocks people from speaking freely.
One such country is Eritrea, the Horn of Africa nation, recorded in 2012 by the Committee to Protect Journalists as being the world's most censored country, into which no foreign reporters are allowed and the media of which is entirely controlled by the government. Only mildly less restricted in terms of freedom of expression is North Korea - according to the same study the second most censored country in the world - while due to recent rates of political unrest the rates of censorship have increased dramatically in Syria and Iran, which take places three and four on the list respectively in the study.The issue of free speech has come to light in America recently, with a case in which the U.S. Supreme Court declined to consider if a New Mexico photography company should be able to refuse to record a same-sex couple's commitment ceremony on the grounds of freedom of speech.
The case has been in discussion since 2006. It showcases the consternation that still surrounds the issue of freedom of speech, even in mainly emancipated countries, and the too-often conflated ideals of free expression and hateful bigotry.
This list numbers ten countries worldwide with the highest rates of freedom of speech, and looks at the various specific regulations pertaining to their media. At number ten as of 2014 is Jamaica, which has undergone something of a revelation in terms of the popularisation of freedom of speech in the last four years. In late 2010 Miss Jamaica World 2010 and Harvard Law School graduate Chantal Raymond established a blog, freespeechjamaica.com, which aimed to create awareness of the issue and a forum for freedom of speech and expression in the country. The blog is endorsed by the Media Association of Jamaica Limited, and to date has addressed topics such as libel law reform and Jamaica's limitations as to free speech and censorship. The 'about' section of the blog itself states that its aim is 'to bring awareness to the importance of freedom of expression, to illuminate any form of censorship and limitations on freedom of expression which aims to promote silence, and to give voice to the disenfranchised and neglected in society', which has clearly been a success thus far.
The freedoms of speech and of the press are guaranteed in the constitution of Chile, which is the ninth freest country in the world in terms of speech and expression. In 2013, the country accordingly scored a press freedom score of thirty-one on a scale of nought to one hundred, with zero being the highest level of freedom possible. While the country does have some limitations — Chile's two main media companies, Copesa and El Mercurio, have control over 90% of the country's newspapers, which is somewhat problematic in terms of media pluralism — it equals the balance with total freedom in other areas, such as there being no government restrictions whatsoever on the Internet. At number six is Estonia. Article 45 of the Estonian Constitution guarantees the right to freedom of speech and of expression of opinions, and the country has a press freedom score of sixteen on the aforementioned scale of nought to one hundred.
Political strain and tensions between Estonia and Russia can sometimes affect media freedom within the country, which implicitly inhibits the level of freedom of speech in Estonia as a whole. However, this is countered somewhat in the significant presence of media available in the Russian language in Estonia for the high level of Russian-speakers that help to make up the country's population. At number five is the Land of the Free, the United States of America. The US is a party to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, both of which state an individual's right to freedom of expression and speech, so it is unsurprising that the country should rank so highly.
The approach of the United States in this regard adheres to the idea that free exchange of ideas promotes understanding and advances illumination of both truths and falsehoods. Nowadays, freedom of speech in Japan is constitutionally well-protected. However, this wasn't always the case; prior to the new constitution of 1946, freedom of speech was granted by the Emperor but was subject to any restrictions imposed by the statutes. As a result, freedom of speech and expression was inhibited under the Public Peace Preservation Act, the Newspapers Act, and the Publications Act. Freedom of speech was severely inhibited and limited prior to World War II, but Japan now demonstrably ranks fourth in the world for freedom of speech, a dramatic and important turnaround for the country.
The United Kingdom is renowned worldwide for its respect and tolerance towards free speech, and has included the European Convention on Human Rights in its laws since 1998. The observation of this convention means that limitations can in some cases be imposed on the practise of free speech: for example, should the freedom of expression in question be deemed a danger to national security, it can be opposed, as can free speech which threatens health or morals, or the protection of a person's rights or reputation. Whether or not this is in some ways a violation of the very principle of the notion of free speech remains to be seen. Australia is not, in fact, party to any bill of Rights, meaning that freedom of speech is not protected officially in the country.
However, in 1992 it was decreed that the country's constitution implies a freedom of political speech, so technically Australian citizens are free to speak about politics in any way, shape or form. While this doesn't officially extend to any area outside of the political, to be able to voice any opinion whatsoever on a country's government implies a certain amount of power, and may account for Australia's high placing on this list. In any case, the government needn't worry about what people are saying, as Australia has one of the highest government approval rates in the world. The number one country for freedom of speech is New Zealand. The country's 1990 Bill of Rights act states that 'everyone has the right to freedom of expression, including the freedom to seek, receive, and impart information and opinions of any kind in any form', a pretty much definitive explanation of free speech.
As of 2013, the country ranks 8th in the Press Freedom Index, and its relaxed and inclusionary attitude to freedom of speech and expression has been attributed to its being a parliamentary democracy. TheRichest – Privacy PolicyWe respect your privacy and we are committed to safeguarding your privacy while online at oursite. The following discloses the information gathering and dissemination practices for this Website.This Privacy Policy was last updated on May 10, 2018. Legal OwnershipTheRichest (the “Website”) is owned and operated by Valnet inc. (“us” or “we”), a corporationincorporated under the laws of Canada, having its head office at 7405 Transcanada Highway,Suite 100, Saint Laurent, Quebec H4T 1Z2.
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