Rei Leão Portugal Download
Denis Convent, PortugalSpouseSaintIssueFatherMotherReligionSignatureDenis (: Dinis or Diniz, IPA:; 9 October 1261 – 7 January 1325 in ), called the Farmer King ( Rei Lavrador) and the Poet King ( Rei Poeta), was. The eldest son of by his second wife, and grandson of king (known as the Wise), Denis succeeded his father in 1279.
His marriage to, who was later canonised as a saint of the Roman Catholic Church, was arranged in 1281 when she was 10 years old.Denis ruled Portugal for over 46 years. He worked to reorganise his country's economy and gave an impetus to Portuguese agriculture. He ordered the planting of a large pine forest (that still exists today) near to prevent the soil degradation that threatened the region and as a source of raw materials for the construction of the royal ships. He was also known for his poetry, which constitutes a major contribution to the development of Portuguese as a literary language. Statue of Denis at the University of CoimbraDuring Denis' reign, became one of Europe's centres of culture and learning. The first university in Portugal, then called the Estudo Geral (General Study), was founded with his signing of the document Scientiae thesaurus mirabilis in Leiria on 3 March 1290. Lectures in the arts, civil law, canon law, and medicine were given, and on 15 February 1309, the king granted the university a charter, the Magna Charta Privilegiorum.
The university was moved between Lisbon and Coimbra several times, and finally installed permanently in Coimbra in 1537 by order of King.As a devotee of the arts and sciences, Denis studied literature and wrote several books on topics ranging from government administration to hunting, science and poetry, as well as ordering the translation of many literary works into (Portuguese had not yet fully evolved into a distinct language), among them the works attributed to his grandfather Alfonso X. He patronised, and wrote in the troubadour tradition himself. His best-known work is the, a collection of love songs as well as satirical songs, which contributed to the development of in the Iberian Peninsula. All told, 137 of the songs attributed to him, in the three main genres of, are preserved in the two early 16th-century manuscripts, the and the.
A spectacular find in 1990 by American scholar Harvey Sharrer brought to light the, which contains, albeit in fragmentary form, seven cantigas d'amor by King Denis with. These poems are found in the same order in the two previously known codices.King Denis was fond of hunting and in 1294 was hunting around Beja, when a bear attacked him and his horse, bringing them to the ground. It is said that he attacked the beast single handedly and killed him with a dagger. To commemorate the incident, the king had a live bear captured and taken to his palace of Fuellas for the amusement of the gentleman and ladies of his court. “The Days of Knights & Castles,” 1980.
London: Hamlyn Publishing Group Ltd., page 57.)Administration. King Denis Administers Justice (1899), by As king, Denis travelled around the country to resolve various problems. He ordered the construction of numerous castles, created new towns, and granted the privileges due cities to several others. He declared in 1290 that 'the language of the people' was to become the language of the state, and officially known as. Denis also decreed that Portuguese replace Latin as the language of the law courts in his kingdom. His wife Elizabeth donated much of the large income generated by her lands and properties to charities, inspiring Denis to help improve the life of the poor and found several social institutions.The frequent procedural issues that arose when he issued his decrees increasingly occupied Denis in his quest to frame the common law as being within the scope of the crown's jurisdiction, and in exercising royal power in the realm. The restrictions he placed on the actions of alvazis (local council officials), judges, as well as proctors and advocates in the courts, show that a merely nominal power of the monarchy over all the inhabitants of the kingdom, as was typical in the, was not compatible with his effort to assert a royal prerogative to scrutinise legal procedures, or moralise on the exercise of justice.
The appointment of magistrates clearly marks the start of the process of the crown claiming territorial jurisdiction, thus expanding the royal domain, along with the growing importance of Lisbon as the nation's de facto capital. The preference for Lisbon as a venue of the royal court was accentuated during Denis's long reign. There was as yet no official capital of the country, but Lisbon's location, as well as its advanced urban, economic and commercial development, made the city the most viable choice for a national centre of administration.Its geographical situation between the ancient divisions of the country, i.e., the north and the south, enhanced Lisbon's status as the most practical centre for an emergent united Portuguese nation, the south now receiving as much royal attention as the north and becoming the residence of the monarchy. Their different characters created a realm where the two regions complemented each other.
The great manors were closer together in the north, and the vast dominions conquered from the Muslims in the south, as well as the large areas of land there, expanded the domain of the crown, and much of the territory of the extreme south came under the control of the military orders.Denis promoted development of the rural infrastructure, earning the nickname of 'the Farmer' ( o Lavrador). He redistributed land, founded agricultural schools to improve farming techniques, and took a personal interest in the expansion of exports. He set up regular markets in a number of towns and regulated their activities. One of his principal achievements was to protect agricultural lands from advancing coastal sands by ordering the planting of a pine forest near. Which also provided a source of raw materials for construction of a naval fleet.
This forest, known as the Pinhal de Leiria (Leiria Pinewood), still exists, and is an important conservation area. Latter years and death. Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, ancestor of Denis of PortugalThe historical sources of King Denis's time, as well as later authors, failed to provide any detailed physical description of the monarch. The information known comes from an accidental opening of his tomb during a restoration in 1938.
It was discovered that the legend of a figure of towering height was not an accurate one as he was only about 1.65 metres (5 feet 5 inches) tall. Denis made his will when he was 61 and died at age 63.
He apparently enjoyed excellent health throughout his life, as he traveled frequently, got involved in wars from an early age and at age 60 still hunted. He died with complete dentition, a rarity for the time, something that even today continues to be fairly unusual.A distinctive feature of his revealed by examination of the body was that his hair and beard were auburn. This is a curious fact, as he was the first of the Portuguese royal line up to that time to have that hair color. This genetic trait could have been passed on the maternal side, as his uncle, called 'La Cerda', or 'the bristly one', had red hair as well. Denis may have inherited the trait from, who was his ancestor on both the paternal and maternal sides, or even possibly from his maternal great grandmother, granddaughter of the (' barbarossa' means 'red beard' in Italian).
Rei Leao Dobragem Portuguesa Download
Marriage and descendants Denis' only wife was Isabel or, daughter of. They married in 1288 and she bore him a son and a daughter. Like other monarchs of the time, he had several illegitimate children as well.
Rei Leao Versao Portuguesa Download
NameBirthDeathNotesBy (1271–1336; married in 1282)(Constance)3 January 129018 November 1313Queen of Castile by marriage to.8 February 129128 May 1357Succeeded him as Afonso IV, 7th.By (?-?)c. 12801325Lord ofBy (c. 1340married?1320Religious at the Monastery ofBy (c. 1265-?)128713543rdBy (c. 12891329Lord of and rival of his half-brother Afonso IVOther natural offspringc. 12801329Ancestry.